Thursday, September 11, 2014

Where Corn Is King, a New Regard for Grass-Fed Beef


REMINDER: In The Archive is all of the articles that I
have posted since I started this blog. There is TONS OF
INFORMATION there for you to learn from. It's the type
of information that not only saved my life...It also has
given me a better quality of life.

PLEASE PASS THIS BLOG ON AND PLEASE TWEET THIS BLOG.

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

                       "Nature Cures Cancer" - Here are 10 examples
                                           http://bit.ly/1k1N4Bg

                                         Your Path To Wellness
                                            http://bit.ly/RGNZ0i



Where Corn Is King, a New Regard for Grass-Fed Beef


By Dr. Mercola


    In the grand scheme of all that is wrong with modern agriculture, the unnatural transition that turned cattle (which naturally eat grass) into grain-eating ruminants is at the top of the list.

    In the twisted realm of agribusiness, raising grass-fed cows, especially in the heart of ‘corn country’ (the Midwest) is now regarded as a specialty industry for the crazies, as the New York Times recently reported.

        Where the great cattle herds once roamed, grass finishing  an intricate and lengthy ballet involving the balance of protein and energy derived from the stalk, with the flavor rendered by earth, plants and even stress is a nearly lost art.

     ...said Fred Kirschenmann, a distinguished fellow at the Leopold Center for Sustainable Agriculture at Iowa State University The attitude out there is that grass-fed is for the crazies.

    Yet, far from being ‘crazy, grass-fed beef represents a sought-after solution to unsustainable agricultural practices  one that could not only drastically reduce pollution but also produce a nutritionally superior meat.

    While far from the norm at this point, a new appreciation for grass-fed meat, and all that it stands for, is steadily growing and these so-called unconventional ranchers are now becoming mainstays in the industry.

Change to the Cattle Industry Must Come From Educated People From the Outside

    Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs), in which the majority of US beef (and pork, chicken and eggs) is raised, contribute directly to global warming by releasing vast amounts of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere in fact, more than the entire global transportation industry.

    They also contribute to climate disruption by their impact on deforestation and draining of wetlands, and because of the nitrous oxide emissions from huge amounts of pesticides used to grow the genetically engineered corn and soy fed to animals raised in CAFOs.

    The cows are fattened for slaughter on giant feed lots as quickly as possible (on average between 14 and 18 months) with the help of grains, as CAFOs represent a corporate-controlled system characterized by large-scale, centralized, low profit-margin production, processing and distribution systems.

    Contrary to popular arguments, factory farming is not a cheap, efficient solution to world hunger. Feeding huge numbers of confined animals actually uses more food, in the form of grains that could feed humans, than it produces. For every 100 food calories of edible crops fed to livestock, we get back just 30 calories in the form of meat and dairy. That’s a 70 percent loss.

    With the Earth’s population predicted to reach 9 billion by mid-century, the planet can no longer afford this reckless, unhealthy and environmentally disastrous farming system. And as Prescott Frost, great-grandson of poet Robert Frost who has entered the grass-fed meat business, told the New York Times:

        If change is going to come to the cattle industry, it’s got to come from educated people from the outside, Mr. Frost said, quoting from Allan Nation, the publisher of The Stockman Grass Farmer, considered the grazier’s bible.

Grass-Fed Beef Is Better for You, Better for the Planet and Better for the Cows

    A joint effort between the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) and Clemson University researchers determined a total of 10 key areas where grass-fed is better than grain-fed beef for human health. In a side-by-side comparison, they determined that grass-fed beef was:

Lower in total fat
    
Higher in beta-carotene
    
Higher in vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol)

Higher in the B-vitamins thiamin and riboflavin    

Higher in the minerals calcium, magnesium and potassium    
Higher in total omega-3s

A healthier ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids (1.65 vs 4.84)    
Higher in CLA (cis-9 trans-11), a potential cancer fighter    
Higher in vaccenic acid (which can be transformed into CLA)

Another troubling aspect of grain-fed cattle involves the well-being of the animal and, consequently, the health effect this has on you. Common consequences among grain-fed cattle include:

    Acidosis. During the normal digestive process, bacteria in the rumen of cattle produce a variety of acids. Saliva neutralizes the acidity from grass-based diets, but grain-based eating in feedlots prohibits saliva production. The net result is "acid indigestion."

    Animals with this condition are plagued with diarrhea, go off their feed, pant, salivate excessively, kick at their bellies, and eat dirt. Over time, acidosis can lead to a condition called "rumenitis," an inflammatory response to too much acid and too little roughage and results in inefficient nutrient absorption.

    Liver abscesses. From 15 to 30 percent of feedlot cattle have liver abscesses, which result when bacteria may leak out through ulcerated rumen in cattle and are ultimately transported to the liver.

    Bloat. During digestion, cows produce gas and when they are on pasture, they belch up the gas without any difficulty. Grain-based feeding causes these gasses to become trapped, and results in bloat. In more serious cases of bloat, the rumen becomes so distended with gas that the animal is unable to breathe and dies from asphyxiation.

    Feedlot polio. A highly acidic digestive environment may result in the production of an enzyme called "thiaminase," which destroys vitamin B1, starving the brain of energy and creating paralysis.

    Dust pneumonia. In dry weather, the feedlot can become a dust bowl, which springs the cattle's immune system into action and keeps it running on a constant basis, ultimately resulting in respiratory ailments and even death.

Real Farmers Are Grass Farmers

     Virginia farmer Joel Salatin is a living example of how incredibly successful and sustainable natural farming can be. He produces beef, chicken, eggs, turkey, rabbits and vegetables. Yet, Joel calls himself a grass farmer, for it is the grass that transforms the sun into energy that his animals then feed on. By closely observing nature, Joel created a rotational grazing system that not only allows the land to heal but also allows the animals to behave the way the were meant to expressing their "chicken-ness" or "pig-ness," as Joel would say.

    Cows are moved every day, which mimics their natural patterns and promotes revegetation. Sanitation is accomplished by birds. The birds (chickens and turkeys) arrive three days after the cows leave via the Eggmobile and scratch around in the pasture, doing what chickens do best.

    No pesticides. No herbicides. No antibiotics. No seed spreading. Salatin hasn't planted a seed or purchased a chemical fertilizer in 50 years. He just lets herbivores be herbivores and cooperates with nature, instead of fighting it. It's a different and refreshing philosophy. When cows are raised on a salad bar of natural grasses, the meat takes on different flavors that cannot be achieved with grain. Frost told the New York Times:

        When the wine industry started out in California, nobody had a language for what a bouquet was, Mr. Frost, 55, said. Vintners had to come up with a way an audience could have a conversation about hints of raspberries, of chamomile. And that’s what we have to do with beef.

    Farming done in this type of sustainable manner can be incredibly profitable, too. Instead of making $150 per acre per year from a crop that produces food for three months, but lays fallow for the rest of the year, Salatin’s making $3,000 per acre by rotating crops throughout the year, thereby making use of his land all 12 months and maintaining its ecological balance at the same time. This generates complementary income streams for the small farmer and allows them to compete with CAFO operations, while protecting the land from ecological disasters.

Where Can You Find Grass-Fed Beef?

    Currently, meat in supermarkets will be labeled 100% grass-fed if it came from pasture, but if it contains no label it’s probably CAFO-raised. In 2013, a new alliance of organic and natural health consumers, animal welfare advocates, anti-GMO and climate-change activists will tackle the next big food labeling battle: meat, eggs and dairy products from animals raised on factory farms, or CAFOs.

    This campaign, which aims to have CAFO foods labeled, will start with a massive program to educate consumers about the negative impacts of factory farming on the environment, on human health and on animal welfare, and then move forward to organize and mobilize millions of consumers to demand labels on beef, pork, poultry and dairy products derived from these unhealthy and unsustainable so-called farming practices.

    In the meantime, you can boycott food products from CAFOs and choose to support farmers who produce healthful grass-fed meat, eggs and dairy products using humane, environmentally friendly methods. You can do this not only by visiting the farm directly, if you have one nearby, but also by taking part in farmer's markets and community-supported agriculture programs, many of which offer grass-fed beef. The following organizations can also help you locate grass-fed beef and other farm-fresh foods in your local area, raised in a humane, sustainable manner.



 God Bless Everyone & God Bless The United States of America.


Larry Nelson
42 S. Sherwood Dr.
Belton, Tx. 76513
cancercurehere@gmail.com

Have a great day...unless you have made other plans.

Tuesday, September 9, 2014

Doctors Perform Thousands of Unnecessary Surgeries: Are You Getting One of Them?

REMINDER: In The Archive is all of the articles that I
have posted since I started this blog. There is TONS OF
INFORMATION there for you to learn from. It's the type
of information that not only saved my life...It also has
given me a better quality of life.

PLEASE PASS THIS BLOG ON AND PLEASE TWEET THIS BLOG.


+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

                     "Nature Cures Cancer" - Here are 10 examples
                                     http://bit.ly/1k1N4Bg

                                    Your Path To Wellness
                                      http://bit.ly/RGNZ0i


Doctors Perform Thousands of Unnecessary Surgeries: Are You Getting One of Them?



By Dr. Mercola


    If your physician tells you that you need surgery, unless it is an emergency, I would strongly recommend to get a second opinion first.

    In many cases, you may find that you don’t need surgery after all, saving not only a considerable amount of money but also avoiding the potentially deadly risks that any surgery carries.

    In fact, according to a new USA Today review of government records and medical databases, tens of thousands of patients undergo unnecessary surgery each and every year!1 And according to some experts, that number may actually be in the millions. According to USA Today:

    It's a very serious issue, (and) there really hasn't been a movement to address it, says Lucian Leape, a former surgeon and professor at the Harvard School of Public Health. Leape, a renowned patient safety expert...

        He began studying unnecessary surgery after a 1974 congressional report estimated that there were 2.4 million cases a year, killing nearly 12,000 patients. Leape's take today? "Things haven't changed very much.

Many Doctors ‘Lack the Competence to Know When a Surgery Isn’t Necessary

    There are multiple reasons why unnecessary surgeries take place. In some cases they’re the result of criminal acts, in which surgeons intentionally prey on patients, performing surgeries even though they know they are not medically justified.

    USA Today cited the case of Michael Rosin, a dermatologist who was sentenced to 22 years in prison and fines of more than $7 million for intentionally misdiagnosing his patients with skin cancer so he could perform surgeries to remove benign lesions.

    Far more often, however, are the physicians who perform unnecessary surgeries out of incompetence or a lack of training in less-invasive alternatives. Many health care providers may believe that surgery is the only answer, even when the success rates are minimal and better non-surgica treatment options exist.

    Then there are those providers who perform the surgery simply because the profit will increase their income, and they can justify them as medically ‘necessary. USA Today reported:

    I think there are a very small percent of doctors who are crooked, maybe 1 or 2%,' says John Santa, a physician and former health system administrator who became director of the Consumer Reports Health Ratings Center in 2008.

    I think there's a higher percentage who are not well trained or not competent to determine when surgery is necessary, Santa says. Then you have a big group who are more businessmen than medical professionals  doctors who look at those gray cases and say, Well, I have enough here to justify surgery, so I'm going to do it.

    Personally, I think USA Today is being very kind in their low-ball estimate of 1-2%. Those numbers seem quite low and from my experience I suspect it is significantly higher.

Six Common Surgeries That Are Often Unnecessary

    It’s worth getting a second opinion before you have virtually any non-emergency surgery. However, if you’re scheduled for one of the following procedures, it becomes even more imperative to seek another expert’s opinion, as these surgeries carry a high risk of being done without medical necessity.3

    Yes I realize there is a cost and significant hassle factor, but I strongly encourage to do your due diligence. The extra time and resources you invest in confirming the necessity of the surgery could have a major impact on your ability to enjoy the rest of your life.

    1. Cardiac Angioplasty, Stents

        This invasive procedure involves inflating a thin balloon in a narrowed artery to crush plaque deposits; a stent (a wire mesh tube) is often then left behind to keep the vessel open. When used during a heart attack, an angioplasty can quickly open a blocked artery to lessen the damage to your heart, and when used in this way can be lifesaving.

        However, oftentimes heart disease patients receive angioplasties even though they have not had a heart attack -- a decision that goes against the latest medical guidelines. One 2011 study found that 12 percent of all angioplasty procedures (in cases that did not involve an acute heart attack) were not medically necessary. Separate research also revealed that angioplasty offers no benefit compared to less invasive treatment of heart disease.

    2. Cardiac Pacemakers

        Pacemakers are used to correct heartbeat irregularities, but research shows that more than 22 percent of these implants may be unnecessary.

    3. Spinal Fusion Back Surgery

        If you have low back pain and see different specialists you will get different tests: rheumatologists will order blood tests, neurologists will order nerve impulse tests, and surgeons will order MRIs and CT scans. But no matter what tests you get, you'll probably end up with a spinal fusion because it's one of the "more lucrative procedures in medicine," author Shannon Brownlee says even though the best success rate for spinal fusions is only 25 percent!

        According to one review, more than 17 percent of patients told they needed spinal surgery actually showed no abnormal neurological or radiographic findings that would require surgery.

    4. Hysterectomy

        The surgical removal of the uterus may be recommended inappropriately in 70 percent of cases, often because of a lack of adequate diagnostic evaluation and failure to try alternative treatments before the surgery. Some surgeons also remove healthy ovaries during hysterectomy as a precaution, sometimes without the patient providing their consent or being informed as to the severe adverse effects the ovariectomy may produce on their remaining quality of life.

    5. Knee and Hip Replacement, and Arthroscopic Knee Surgery

        Patients who were informed about joint replacements and alternative treatments had 26 percent fewer hip replacements and 38 percent fewer knee replacements than those who did not. Arthroscopic knee surgery for osteoarthritis is also one of the most unnecessary surgeries performed today, as it works no better than a placebo surgery.

        Proof of this is a double-blind placebo-controlled multi-center (including Harvard’s Mass General Hospital) study published in one of the most well-respected medical journals on the planet, the New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) over 10 years ago.

        Recent research has also shown arthroscopic knee surgery works no better than placebo surgery, and when comparing treatments for knee pain, physical therapy was found to be just as effective as surgery, but at significantly reduced cost and risk. And yet another study showed exercise is just as effective as surgery for people with chronic pain in the front part of their knee, known as chronic patellofemoral syndrome (PFPS), which is also frequently treated unnecessarily with arthroscopic surgery.

    6. Cesarean Section

        Cesarean delivery is the most commonly performed surgical procedure in the US and rates are increasing. But research shows rates vary 10-fold among hospitals, even among low-risk pregnancies, suggesting that practice patterns, not necessity, are driving these high surgery rates.

        According to the World Health Organization, no country is justified in having a cesarean rate greater than 10 percent to 15 percent. The US rate, at nearly 32 percent, is the highest rate ever reported in the US and is higher than in most other developed countries.

Diagnostic Errors Permanently Injure or Kill Up to 160,000 Americans a Year

    Unnecessary surgeries are only one problem facing the conventional medical system. Medical errors are also alarmingly common, and diagnosis errors, in particular, appear to be occurring at very high rates. Researchers recently wrote in BMJ Quality & Safety:

    Among malpractice claims, diagnostic errors appear to be the most common, most costly and most dangerous of medical mistakes. We found roughly equal numbers of lethal and non-lethal errors in our analysis, suggesting that the public health burden of diagnostic errors could be twice that previously estimated.

    The study involved more than 350,000 malpractice claims, of which nearly 29 percent involved a missed, wrong or delayed diagnosis. Such errors may account for the permanent injury or death of up to 160,000 patients each year, the study found, with researchers noting that it is probably a lot higher than that. Case in point, when all medical errors, not just diagnosis errors, are taken into account, the rate of medical harm occurring in the US is estimated to be over 40,000 harmful and/or lethal errors each and EVERY day.

Hospitals Profit Off of Surgical Errors and Medical Mishaps

    Part of the problem is that hospitals and providers have little incentive to change, as the more surgeries performed, the more money they make. And if complications are involved, so much the better from a financial perspective.

    One revealing JAMA study found that major surgical complications actually earn hospitals more money on privately insured or Medicare-covered patients. This isn’t exactly shocking, of course, since the more complications suffered, the longer the hospital stay and the more associated medications, tests and procedures that will be ordered. Hospitals are a business, after all, and the more services used by any one patient, the more money they make.

    Where money is concerned, a hospital therefore has no incentive to reduce surgical errors and other medical mishaps, which may actually be a key moneymaker for them. And, as the Health Business Blog astutely reported,18 unlike most businesses, which suffer financially when mistakes occur, hospitals get to charge you even more money to treat you for avoidable complications or mistakes they make. Decreasing surgical complications may therefore have adverse financial consequences for many hospitals, the researchers concluded, and the same goes for reducing unnecessary surgery rates, as well.

It’s Your Body: Take Control of Your Health

    My primary suggestion is to avoid hospitals and surgeries unless it's an absolute emergency and you need life-saving medical attention. If you're going to have an elective medical procedure, always get a second opinion—and possibly a third and fourth.

    The other KEY is to be proactive and start pursuing a healthy lifestyle today so you don't become a victim of an unnecessary medical procedure. I have compiled my best tips in a customized 100-page nutrition plan to help you take control of your health. It is customized to three different levels and you can start at any level, but be sure and read from the beginning, as reviewing the basics is the best way to reinforce healthy patterns.

    As much as possible, be proactive in using a healthy lifestyle to support and protect your health and, if illness does occur, use natural methods that will allow your body to heal itself without the need for unnecessary surgery, drugs or other invasive medical procedures.


Thank You  Dr. Mercola


 God Bless Everyone & God Bless The United States of America.


Larry Nelson
42 S. Sherwood Dr.
Belton, Tx. 76513
cancercurehere@gmail.com

Have a great day...unless you have made other plans.

Thursday, September 4, 2014

Turmeric: The Spice That Can Potentially Help Your Health in 150 Different Ways

REMINDER: In The Archive is all of the articles that I
have posted since I started this blog. There is TONS OF
INFORMATION there for you to learn from. It's the type
of information that not only saved my life...It also has
given me a better quality of life.


PLEASE PASS THIS BLOG ON AND PLEASE TWEET THIS BLOG.


+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

                     "Nature Cures Cancer" - Here are 10 examples
                                       http://bit.ly/1k1N4Bg


Turmeric: The Spice That Can Potentially Help Your Health in 150 Different Ways


By Dr. Mercola


    Most spices have powerful medicinal properties, which is precisely why they've been used to promote healing for thousands of years prior to the advent of modern, synthetic drug-based medicine.

    One such spice is turmeric, the yellow-pigmented "curry spice" often used in Indian cuisine. Turmeric contains curcumin, the polyphenol identified as its primary active component and which exhibits over 150 potentially therapeutic activities, which include antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties.

    Curcumin is capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier, which is one reason why it holds promise as a neuroprotective agent in a wide range of neurological disorders. Researchers have investigated curcumin for its potential role in improving Parkinson's disease.

    Preliminary results indicate that it may hold even more promise than the drugs currently used for this disorder, many of which (ironically) have serious neurotoxic side effects, including dyskinesia a movement disorder identical to the symptoms of Parkinson's disease.

Natural Curcumin Extract Outshines Parkinson's Drugs

    Parkinson's is a neurodegenerative disease caused by a steady depletion of dopamine-producing nerve cells, particularly in the area of your brain referred to as the substantia nigra. Most of the current drug treatments for Parkinson's disease, known as dopamine agonists, focus on replenishing dopamine.

    Although such treatments provide symptomatic relief during early Parkinson's disease, they are ineffective in the long term where they may actually increase symptoms such as tremor, postural instability and cognitive deficits that are common with this disease. They are also associated with motor complications and a laundry list of other strange and disturbing side effects, including:

Euphoria    

Nausea

Hallucinations    

Insomnia

Causing or worsening psychosis    

Unusual tiredness or weakness

Orthostatic hypotension (a dizzy spell caused by a sudden
drop in blood pressure)    

Dizziness, drowsiness, lightheadedness, or fainting

Increased orgasmic intensity    

Twitching, twisting, or other unusual body movements

Weight loss    

Pathological addiction (gambling, shopping, internet
pornography, hypersexuality)


    As researchers noted in the journal Current Pharmaceutical Design:

        "Most of the current pharmacotherapeutic approaches in PD [Parkinson's disease] are aimed at replenishing the striatal dopamine. Although these drugs provide symptomatic relief during early PD, many patients develop motor complications with long-term treatment. Further, PD medications do not effectively tackle tremor, postural instability and cognitive deficits.

        Most importantly, most of these drugs do not exhibit neuroprotective effects in patients. Consequently, novel therapies involving natural antioxidants and plant products/molecules with neuroprotective properties are being exploited for adjunctive therapy."

    Unlike Parkinson's drugs, curcumin is neuroprotective and several studies strongly support its use for the treatment of Parkinson's. For example:

        Curcumin showed neuroprotective properties in an animal model of Parkinson's disease; the beneficial effect was thought to be related, in part, to its antioxidant capabilities and its ability to penetrate the brain.
        Curcumin alleviated the effects of glutathione depletion, which causes oxidative stress, mitochondria dysfunction and cell death and is a feature of early Parkinson's disease.
        The c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway is involved in dopaminergic neuronal degeneration, which is in turn associated with Parkinson's. Curcumin prevents dopaminergic neuronal death through inhibition of the JNK pathway, and thereby offers a neuroprotective effect that may be beneficial for Parkinson's.
        Slow-wriggling alpha-synuclein proteins can cause clumping, which is the first step for diseases such as Parkinson's. Curcumin helps prevent the proteins from clumping.

Curcumin Is a Powerful Ally for Your Brain Health

    For years now turmeric, and its active ingredient curcumin, have shown powerful benefits to your brain health. One of the ways that it works, similar to vitamin D, is modulating large numbers of your genes; in fact, curcumin has been shown to influence more than 700 genes.

    The potential healing power of this spice, which is an important part of Eastern cultural traditions including traditional Chinese medicine and Ayurveda, perhaps first came about when it was noticed that the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease among older adults in India is more than four times lower than the rate in the United States.  

    Why such a significant difference?

    Some researchers believe the answer for this drastic disparity in Alzheimer's disease prevalence is a direct result of curcumin. Research has shown that curcumin may help inhibit the accumulation of destructive beta amyloids in the brain of Alzheimer's patients, as well as break up existing plaques. People with Alzheimer's tend to have higher levels of inflammation in their brains, and curcumin is perhaps most known for its potent anti-inflammatory properties. The compound can inhibit both the activity and the inflammatory metabolic byproducts of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) and 5-lipooxygenase (5-LOX) enzymes, as well as other enzymes and hormones that modulate inflammation.

    And that's not all. The growing interest in curcumin over the past 50 years is understandable when you consider the many health benefits researchers have found when studying this spice. According to an ever-expanding clinical body of studies, curcumin may help:

Support healthy cholesterol levels    

Prevent low-density lipoprotein oxidation    

Inhibit platelet aggregation

Suppress thrombosis and myocardial infarction    

Suppress symptoms associated with type 2 diabetes    

Suppress symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis

Suppress symptoms of multiple sclerosis    

Suppress symptoms of Alzheimer's disease    

Inhibit HIV replication

Suppress tumor formation    

Enhance wound healing    

Protect against liver damage

Increase bile secretion    

Protect against cataracts

Protect against pulmonary toxicity and fibrosis


 Two More Important Tools for Parkinson's: Vitamin D and Omega-3

    There is a correlation between insufficient levels of vitamin D and the development of early Parkinson's disease, and research has suggested that long-term deficiency may play a role in the pathogenesis of the disease. There are three major points you want to remember about vitamin D:

        Your best source for this vitamin is exposure to the sun, without sunblock on your skin, until your skin turns the lightest shade of pink. While this isn't always possible due to the change of the seasons and your geographic location (and your skin color), this is the ideal to aim for. A safe tanning bed is the next best option, followed by oral vitamin D3 supplementation.

        If you do supplement with vitamin D, you'll only want to supplement with natural vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol). Do NOT use the synthetic and highly inferior vitamin D2, which is the one most doctors will give you in a prescription most of the time unless you ask specifically for D3.

        Get your vitamin D blood levels checked! The only way to determine the correct dose is to have your blood tested since there are so many variables that influence your vitamin D status. I recommend using Lab Corp in the U.S. Getting the correct test is the first step in this process, as there are TWO vitamin D tests currently being offered: 1,25(OH)D and 25(OH)D.

    From my perspective, the preferred test your doctor needs to order is 25(OH)D, also called 25-hydroxyvitamin D, which is the better marker of overall D status. This is the marker that is most strongly associated with overall health. You'll want to optimize your levels according to the chart below. If you currently have Parkinson's disease you will want to keep your vitamin D level in the higher 70-100 ng/ml range to help fight the disease.

     Animal-based omega-3 fats are also a powerful defense against Parkinson's, as they contain two fatty acids crucial to human health, DHA and EPA. Most of the neurological benefits of omega-3 oils are derived from the DHA component rather than the EPA component.

    In fact, DHA is one of the major building blocks of your brain. About half of your brain and eyes are made up of fat, much of which is DHA -- making it an essential nutrient for optimal brain and eye function. Your brain activity actually depends greatly upon the functions provided by its outer, fatty waxy membrane to act as an electrical nerve-conduction cable. In your brain alone, DHA may help to ward off Parkinson's by:

    Reducing brain inflammation

        Stimulating neuron growth, and development and repair of synapses. (Your brain is a vast complex system of nerve cells sending and receiving electrical impulses across junctions called synapses. The small space between the two cells is where the action occurs. One neuron may synapse with as many as 1,000 other neurons.)
        DHA protects your brain's function by supporting optimal glutamate function. Glutamate and GABA are considered your brain's 'workhorse' neurotransmitters. They work together to control your brain's overall level of excitability, which controls many body processes.

    I believe krill oil is your best option for getting animal-based omega-3 fats because of the fact that the omega-3 is attached to phospholipids that dramatically increase its absorption, especially into brain tissue.

Lifestyle Changes to Help Prevent Parkinson's

    Parkinson's disease is related to lifestyle factors, including the following:

Environmental toxins and pesticides    

Aspartame consumption

Petroleum-based hydrocarbon solvents, like paint and glue
    
Deficiencies in vitamin D and vitamin B folate

Excess iron in your body    

Pasteurized milk


In addition to avoiding these toxic exposures, lifestyle adjustments including:

    Exercise regularly, including high-intensity exercise like Peak Fitness. It's one of the best ways to protect against the onset of symptoms of Parkinson's disease

    Get plenty of sunshine to optimize your vitamin D levels
    Avoid pesticide and insecticide exposure (as well as exposure to other environmental toxins like solvents)

    Eat more organic vegetables, which are high in folate, the natural form of folic acid (folate after all comes from foliage)

    Make sure your body has healthy levels of iron and manganese (neither too much nor too little of either)

    Consider supplementing coenzyme Q10, which may help to fight the disease. But remember, the oxidized form of coenzyme Q10 called ubiquinone or plain CoQ10 is actually found in elevated levels in neurodegenerative conditions involving enhanced oxidative stress, as it is a residual marker of lipid peroxidation (brain rancidity). This is why ubiquinol, the reduced form that is capable of donating electrons to quench brain-damaging free radicals, while at the same time providing a boost to brain mitochondrial function, is the only logical choice in Parkinson's disease and related neurodegenerative conditions.

As for getting the full benefits that curcumin has to offer, look for a turmeric extract that contains 100 percent certified organic ingredients, with at least 95 percent curcuminoids. The formula should be free of fillers, additives and excipients (a substance added to the supplement as a processing or stability aid), and the manufacturer should use safe production practices at all stages: planting, cultivation, selective harvesting, and then producing and packaging the final product.

Unfortunately, at the present time there really are no formulations available for the use against cancer. This is because relatively high doses are required and curcumin is not absorbed that well. There is much work being done to provide a bioavailable formulation in the near future.

In the event you need higher doses (such as in the case of treating cancer), use the curcumin powder and make a microemulsion of it by combining a tablespoon of the powder and mixing it into 1-2 egg yolks and a teaspoon or two of melted coconut oil. Then use a high-speed hand blender to emulsify the powder (be careful when doing so as curcumin is a very potent yellow pigment and can permanently discolor surfaces if you aren't careful).

Another strategy that can help increase absorption is to put one tablespoon of the curcumin powder into a quart of boiling water. It must be boiling when you add the powder; it will not work as well if you put it in room temperature water and heat the water and curcumin. After boiling it for 10 minutes you will have created a 12 percent solution that you can drink once it has cooled down. It will have a woody taste. The curcumin will gradually fall out of the solution, however. In about six hours it will be a 6 percent solution, so it's best to drink the water within four hours.


Thank You  Dr. Mercola



 God Bless Everyone & God Bless The United States of America.

Larry Nelson
42 S. Sherwood Dr.
Belton, Tx. 76513
cancercurehere@gmail.com

Have a great day...unless you have made other plans.

Tuesday, September 2, 2014

Helpful Tips for Sleeping Better This Summer


REMINDER: In The Archive is all of the articles that I
have posted since I started this blog. There is TONS OF
INFORMATION there for you to learn from. It's the type
of information that not only saved my life...It also has
given me a better quality of life.

PLEASE PASS THIS BLOG ON AND PLEASE TWEET THIS BLOG.


+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

         "Nature Cures Cancer" - Here are 10 examples
                       http://bit.ly/1k1N4Bg



By Dr. Mercola


 Helpful Tips for Sleeping Better This Summer

    If you’re like most Americans, you’re likely not getting
enough sleep. Nearly 41 million US adults are sleeping just six
hours or less each night, which recent research has linked to an
increased risk of chronic inflammation and heart disease in women.

    Over the course of the five-year long study, women who slept
poorly quantified as sleeping less than six hours per night had
2.5 times higher increases in inflammation levels compared to men
who slept poorly. As reported by the featured article:

      
    Researchers speculated that the gender difference may be due
to lower estrogen levels in the study's post-menopausal female
subjects, whereas men were protected by higher levels of
testosterone.

    But regardless of gender-based hormonal differences,
summertime can be a time of year when sleep becomes harder to come
by, courtesy of rising temperatures. This is just one of a whole
host of factors that can have an adverse effect on your sleep.

Restless legs syndrome is another ailment that can prevent you
from getting sufficient amounts of shut-eye.

    Interestingly, a recent observational study found that men
with restless legs syndrome have a whopping 40 percent higher risk
of total mortality. This finding was independent of other known
risk factors, including a variety of chronic diseases.

    The relationship between restless legs syndrome and all-cause
mortality was stronger for men who had symptoms 15 or more times
per month compared with those who had symptoms five to 14 times
per month.

    According to the researchers, one (of several) potential
mechanisms that might account for this increased mortality risk is
disturbed sleep. Previous research has also found that people with
chronic insomnia have a three times greater risk of dying from any
cause.

Sleep Deprivation Takes a Serious Toll on Your Health...

    You can have the healthiest diet on the planet, doing
vegetable juicing and using fermented veggies, be as fit as an
Olympic athlete, be emotionally balanced, but if you aren’t
sleeping well it is just a matter of time before it will
adversely, potentially seriously affect your health.

    Sleep deprivation is such a chronic condition these days that
you might not even realize you suffer from it. Science has now
established that a sleep deficit can have serious, far reaching
effects on your health. For example, interrupted or impaired sleep
can:
       
        Dramatically weaken your immune system

    Accelerate tumor growth—tumors grow two to three times faster
in laboratory animals with severe sleep dysfunctions, primarily
due to disrupted melatonin production. Melatonin inhibits the
proliferation of a wide range of cancer cell types, as well as
triggering cancer cell apoptosis (self destruction). The hormone
also interferes with the new blood supply tumors require for their
rapid growth (angiogenesis)

        Cause a pre-diabetic state, making you feel hungry even if
you've already eaten, which can wreak havoc on your weight

        Seriously impair your memory; even a single night of poor
sleep—meaning sleeping only 4 to 6 hours can impact your ability
to think clearly the next day. It’s also known to decrease your
problem solving ability

What You Need to Know About Sleeping Pills

    While it may be tempting to look for a pill to quickly help
you sleep, these will not address any of the underlying causes of
insomnia. In fact, researchers have repeatedly shown that sleeping
pills don’t work, but your brain is being tricked into thinking
they do...

    In one meta-analytic study, they found that, on average,
sleeping pills help people fall asleep approximately 10 minutes
sooner. From a biomedical perspective, this is an insignificant
improvement. On average, sleeping pills increase total sleep time
by about 15-20 minutes. But here is the catch: This study also
discovered that while most sleeping pills created poor, fragmented
sleep, they also created amnesia, so upon waking, the participants
could not recall how poorly they’d actually slept!

    Worse yet, sleeping pills have also been linked to a wide
variety of health hazards, including a nearly four-fold increase
in the risk of death, along with a 35 percent increased risk of

cancer.

    Additionally, most people do not realize that over-the-counter
(OTC) sleeping pills -- those containing Benadryl -- can have a
half life of about 18 hours. So, if you take them every night,
you're basically sedated much of the time. Not surprisingly,
they're associated with cognitive deficits in the morning. Trust
me, there are far better, safer and more effective ways to get a
good night's sleep...

Tips for High-Quality Shut-Eye from a Sleep Wellness Consultant

    As previously discussed by Dr. Rubin Naiman, a leader in
integrative medicine approaches to sleep and dreams, sleep is the
outcome of an interaction between two variables, namely sleepiness
and what he refers to as "noise. This is any kind of stimulation
that inhibits or disrupts sleep. In order to get a good night's
sleep, you want your sleepiness level to be high, and the noise
level to be low. Under normal conditions, your sleepiness should
gradually increase throughout the day and evening, peaking just
before you go to bed at night. However, if noise is conceptually
greater than your level of sleepiness, you will not be able to
fall asleep.

     Sleep wellness consultant Nancy Rothstein offered up six tips to
improve your sleep, wisely starting off by addressing environmental
noise in your bedroom (for the rest of her suggestions, please see the
original article):

        Create a sleep sanctuary. This means removing items
associated with entertainment, recreation, work and hobbies, and
turning your bedroom into a single-purpose space one for sleeping.
Of utmost importance: Make sure your bedroom is cool, dark and
quiet. These three factors can have a major impact on your sleep.

        In regards to temperature, studies show that the optimal
room temperature for sleep is quite cool, between 60 to 68 degrees
Fahrenheit, so keep the temperature in your bedroom no higher than
70 degrees.

        As for light, even the tiniest bit of light in the room
can disrupt your internal clock and your pineal gland's production
of melatonin and serotonin, hormones involved in your body’s
circadian rhythm of sleep and wakefulness. So close your bedroom
door, get rid of night-lights, and most importantly, cover your
windows. I recommend using blackout shades or heavy, opaque
drapes. Also cover up your clock if it has a lit display.

Alternatively, you could wear an eye mask to block out any stray
light.

        Turn off your gadgets well before bedtime. Again, the
artificial glow from your TV,  iPad, computer or smartphone can
serve as a stimulus for keeping you awake well past your bedtime
by disrupting melatonin production. I recommend turning off all
electronic gadgets at least one hour before bed. As Rothstein
suggests, that time is far better spent reading a good old
fashioned book, practicing relaxation techniques or meditating.

        Some people find the sound of white noise or nature
sounds, such as the ocean or forest, to be soothing and sleep-
promoting. An excellent relaxation/meditation option to listen to
before bed is the Insight audio CD. Another favorite is the Sleep
Harmony CD, which uses a combination of advanced vibrational
technology and guided meditation to help you effortlessly fall
into deep delta sleep within minutes. The CD works on the
principle of "sleep wave entrainment" to assist your brain in
gearing down for sleep.

        Exercise to sleep better, but do it early! Exercising for
at least 30 minutes per day can improve your sleep, but if you
exercise too close to bedtime (generally within the three hours
before), it may keep you awake instead.

        Party-goers beware: alcohol tends to prevent good sleep...
Summertime tends to spark party invitations, but as Rothstein
warns, it would be wise to consider how a few drinks will affect
your sleep pattern. Although alcohol will make you drowsy, the
effect is short lived and you will often wake up several hours
later, unable to fall back asleep. Alcohol can also keep you from
entering the deeper stages of sleep, where your body does most of
its healing.

        The same applies to eating. Ideally, you’ll want to avoid
eating or snacking at least three hours before bed. Especially
troublesome are grains and sugars, as these will raise your blood
sugar and delay sleep. Later, when your blood sugar drops, you may
wake up and be unable to fall back asleep.

Two More Aces Up Your Sleeve When Sleep Becomes Elusive...

    My personal favorite fix for insomnia is the Emotional Freedom
Techniques (EFT). Most people can learn the basics of this gentle
tapping technique in a few minutes. EFT can help balance your
body's bioenergy system and resolve some of the emotional stresses
that are contributing to your insomnia at a very deep level. The
results are typically long lasting and improvement is remarkably
rapid.

    Another strategy that can help is to increase your melatonin.

Ideally it is best to increase your levels naturally, by exposing
yourself to bright sunlight during daytime hours (along with full
spectrum fluorescent bulbs in the winter) followed by absolute
complete darkness at night. If that isn't possible, you may want
to consider a melatonin supplement. In scientific studies,
melatonin has been shown to increase sleepiness, help you fall
asleep more quickly and stay asleep, decrease restlessness, and
reverse daytime fatigue. Melatonin is a completely natural
substance, made by your body, and has many health benefits in
addition to sleep.

    If you decide to give melatonin supplements a try, start with
a very small dose, about an hour before bed as little as 0.25 mg
can be sufficient for some. Many end up taking too much right off
the bat, which could end up having the reverse effect you’re
looking for. Taking too much could also result in side effects
such as drowsiness, confusion, headache, nightmares, and more. So,
start with a tiny dose, and if after three nights you notice no
improvement, take a little more. The tips discussed so far are
among the most important for a restful night's sleep, but they are
only the beginning. For more, please read my comprehensive sleep
guide: 33 Secret's to a Good Night's Sleep.

Improving Your Sleep Hygiene Pays Off in Health Dividends

    There's convincing evidence showing that if you do not sleep
enough, you're really jeopardizing your health. Everybody loses
sleep here and there, and your body can adjust for temporary
shortcomings. But if you develop a chronic pattern of sleeping
less than five or six hours a night, then you're increasing your
risk of a number of health conditions, including heart disease.

    To make your bedroom into a suitable sleep sanctuary, begin by
making sure it’s pitch-black, cool, and quiet. Remember, even the
tiniest bit of light can disrupt your pineal gland's production of
melatonin and serotonin. For this reason, I highly recommend
adding room-darkening blinds or drapes to your bedroom, or if this
is not possible wearing an eye mask to block out any stray light.

    For even more helpful guidance on how to improve your sleep,
please review my 33 Secrets to a Good Night's Sleep. If you're
even slightly sleep deprived, I encourage you to implement some of
these tips tonight, as high-quality sleep is one of the most
important factors in your health and quality of life.


Thank You  Dr. Mercola


 God Bless Everyone & God Bless The United States of America.


Larry Nelson
42 S. Sherwood Dr.
Belton, Tx. 76513
cancercurehere@gmail.com

Have a great day...unless you have made other plans.

Thursday, August 28, 2014

Why Branding Obesity as a Disease Is a Step in the WRONG Direction.


REMINDER: In The Archive is all of the articles that I
have posted since I started this blog. There is TONS OF
INFORMATION there for you to learn from. It's the type
of information that not only saved my life...It also has
given me a better quality of life.

PLEASE PASS THIS BLOG ON AND PLEASE TWEET THIS BLOG.


+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

                 "Nature Cures Cancer" - Here are 10 examples
                                   http://bit.ly/1k1N4Bg


Why Branding Obesity as a Disease Is a Step in the WRONG Direction...


By Dr. Mercola


    The documentary film Hungry For Change is another revolutionary look at food and nutrition from the creators of the best-selling film Food Matters.

    Exposing food industry secrets and strategies designed to keep you coming back for more, it reveals why so many are suffering with weight issues and poor health despite their best intentions.

    The importance of this topic cannot be overstated, especially in light of recent developments.

    In mid-June, the American Medical Association (AMA) declared obesity a disease, officially opening the door for a range of medical interventions to treat this modern scourge. Yet the root causes of obesity remain wholly ignored...

    As reported by USA Today:

        "Experts in obesity have struggled for years to have obesity recognized as a disease that deserves medical attention and insurance coverage as do other diseases. Previously, the AMA and others have referred to obesity as a major public health problem.

        The American Medical Association's recognition that obesity is a disease carries a lot of clout, says Samuel Klein, director of the Center for Human Nutrition at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis.

        'The most important aspect of the AMA decision is that the AMA is a respected representative of American medicine. Their opinion can influence policy makers who are in a position to do more to support interventions and research to prevent and treat obesity.'"

    We don’t need to throw billions of dollars into drug-based obesity treatment and prevention research. Well-educated nutritional experts already KNOW what’s causing obesity and how
to fix the problem!

    The truth is that the processed food industry needs to change, agricultural subsidies need to be updated to promote healthier fare, and the public needs to be told the truth about nutrition. 

    We also need to stop the dangerous marketing of junk food to children with their favorite cartoon characters or celebrities. Junk food companies know exactly what they are doing, and many children are pointing towards these unforgettable characters in the grocery aisles before they can speak.

    Yet none of these factors are being addressed. Instead, money is being spent on obesity drugs and obesity vaccines, of all things! This truly is madness, if you ask me. Obesity is no more a disease than smoking is.

Who Benefits from Obesity Being Declared a Disease?

    As Rob Kall, executive editor and publisher of OpEdNews.com recently stated:

        What is clear to me is that the medical profession, in an unholy alliance with corporations, is moving the healing profession further and further down the slippery slope of pathologization, just as psychiatry is doing. Cui bono is a question I like to ask Who benefits?

    I believe it’s fair to assume that the biggest beneficiaries will be pharmaceutical companies, along with medical institutions at large. Meanwhile, it’s highly doubtful that their inventions will make a real dent. I would not be surprised if the medical treatment of obesity turns into another war on cancer fiasco.

    Instead of focusing on low-cost lifestyle changes that address the root cause, the pathologization of obesity, to use Kall’s word, is only going to lead to more problems, not to mention drive health care costs skyward as expensive drug treatments are introduced and paid for by insurance companies.

Can You Really Cure Obesity with a Vaccine?

    Last summer, media outlets circulated the news that not just one, but two obesity vaccines were in the works, which makes the AMA’s decision to recognize obesity as a disease all the more convenient. Additionally, two brand new obesity drugs are now being unveiled, just in time for the AMA’s decision. Amazing how such coincidences just happen, isn’t it?

    As explained by GlobalResearch.org, one of the obesity vaccines would target the peptide hormone somatostatin. This hormone has an inhibitory effect on the action of human growth hormone (HGH) and insulin-growth factor (IGF), both of which increase metabolism. By engineering a vaccine to remove the chemical inhibition of somatostatin on HGH and IGF, and create antibodies against somatostatin, the researchers believe weight loss could be achieved.

        ...The drug corporations see the obesity market as an untapped monetary resource  as one executive explained: Can you imagine the potential for vaccines? Globalresearch.org writes.

        A study published in the Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology claims that vaccines are the answer to the chemical and psychological issues that surround obesity. The co-author of the study was also the president and chief scientific officer of a company called Braasch Biotech LLC... which specializes in the development of human and animal vaccines. Essentially, by inhibiting natural hormones, researchers hope to stop people from eating...

        Because somatostatin is secreted in the digestive system, the hormone would eventually be carried to the brain where it would have a great likelihood of interacting with the chemical makeup of the brain and thereby have an encompassing psychological reaction.

    Another route being investigated is a vaccine that targets the hunger hormone ghrelin. In my view, the whole idea of an obesity vaccine is nothing short of insanity.

    Remember the old nursery rhyme about the old lady who swallowed the fly and in turn swallowed a spider to catch it? Modern medicine appears to use the same mistaken strategy for addressing many of our health care concerns. Take this drug for that symptom, take another drug to take care of the side effects from the first drug, and it goes on and on - until, well you know how it ends.

    They truly do not know what they’re meddling with... Case in point: In September of last year, The Atlantic published findings that put a serious damper on the anti-ghrelin vaccine theory, as researchers discovered that knocking out ghrelin leads to an exaggerated anxiety response to stress. As reported by The Atlantic:

        This is the first study8 to show that ghrelin prevents a hyperactive, over-anxious response to acute stress. So the reduced appetite caused by ghrelin suppression might come at the cost of increased anxiety...

        The authors point out that an evolutionary response to stress is to eat more, hypothesizing that under conditions of acute stress, ghrelin limits excessive anxious behavior by promoting the feeling of reward to ensure appropriate food-seeking behavior and maintain energy homeostasis. With enough stress, compensatory eating could end up counteracting the vaccine's effects, leaving us right back where we started.

Two New Prescription Diet Drugs Now Available

    As of June, a new diet drug sold under the name Belviq is available by prescription to patients with a body mass index (BMI) above 30, or a BMI of 27 with at least one weight-related condition, such as hypertension or type 2 diabetes. The drug works by activating serotonin receptors in your brain, which is thought to reduce feelings of hunger although it sounds awfully similar to the action of certain antidepressants, known as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, which boost serotonin levels and are fraught with dangerous side effects, including suicide.

    The release of Belviq comes on the heels of another prescription weight-loss drug called Qsymia, which was released last September. As reported by CNN Health:

        Weight loss with both drugs is modest. Patients in clinical trials went from an average 227 pounds to 204 pounds on Qsymia; on Belviq, the average weight dropped from 220 to 207... At the time of approval, the FDA said Belviq's manufacturer, Arena Pharmaceuticals, would be required to conduct six post-marketing studies, including a long-term cardiovascular trial to assess the risk of heart attack and stroke.

        The most common side effects of Belviq in nondiabetic patients included headache, dizziness and fatigue, according to the FDA. In diabetic patients, side effects included pain and low blood sugar. In addition, some people taking medicines such as Belviq have reported heart valve problems, according to Eisai Inc., which markets the drug. It is not known if Belviq changes your risk of heart problems or of stroke, or death due to heart problems or stroke, according to the drug's website.

    Why on earth would you take a weight loss drug that might lead to increased heart attack or stroke risk when the appropriate dietary and lifestyle changes would REDUCE those risks right along with the weight you drop? Not to mention you’d be paying a lot more for the drug than you would pay for healthier foods.

How to Safely and Effectively Combat Excess Weight

    For the majority of people, severely restricting carbohydrates such as sugars, fructose, and grains in your diet will be the key to sustained weight loss. Refined carbohydrates like breakfast cereals, bagels, waffles, pretzels, and most other processed foods quickly break down to sugar, increase your insulin levels, and cause insulin resistance, which is the number one underlying factor of nearly every chronic disease and condition known to man, including weight gain.

    As you cut these dietary villains from your meals, you need to replace them with healthy substitutes like vegetables and healthy fats (including natural saturated fats!). I've detailed a step-by-step guide to this type of healthy eating program in my comprehensive nutrition plan, and I urge you to consult this guide if you are trying to lose weight.

    Additionally, a growing body of evidence shows that intermittent fasting is particularly effective for losing weight.

    One of the mechanisms that makes intermittent fasting so effective for weight loss is the fact that it provokes the natural secretion of human growth hormone (HGH), which is a fat-burning hormone essentially the same effect sought by the obesity vaccine discussed above, but without the potential health risks. Fasting also increases catecholamines, which increases resting energy expenditure, while decreasing insulin levels, which allows stored fat to be burned for fuel.

    Together, these and other factors will turn you into an effective fat-burning machine. Hence, if like many tens of millions of people, your goal is to shed excess fat, fasting can be both effective and beneficial for improving many disease markers.

    Keep in mind that food cravings are a sign that you're not providing your body with proper nutrients in the appropriate ratios, so following your hunger can in many cases be staggeringly counterproductive. Instead, view your cravings for what they are: a sign from your body that you’re not feeding it properly, and make the necessary adjustments. More often than not, people are not consuming enough healthy fats, which provide a more sustained form of energy compared to carbs. I believe most people may need between 50-70 percent of their daily calories in the form of healthful fats, such as avocados, organic pastured eggs, coconut oil, raw organic butter, and raw nuts like macadamia.

    The foods you choose to eat, and how much you eat, will be the driving force behind successfully achieving your weight loss goals -- even more so than exercise.

    But exercise is still important for weight loss and optimal health. The key to boosting weight loss and getting the most out of your exercise routine is to make sure to incorporate high-intensity, short-burst-type exercises, such as my Peak Fitness Program, two to three times per week. Several studies have confirmed that exercising in shorter bursts with rest periods in between burns more fat than exercising continuously for an entire session.


 God Bless Everyone & God Bless The United States of America.


Larry Nelson
42 S. Sherwood Dr.
Belton, Tx. 76513
cancercurehere@gmail.com

Have a great day...unless you have made other plans.